Part 1: Concept Map

The concept map above shows that the patient J.M. who presented with an irregular menstrual cycle, acne, weight gain, sleep disturbances, and facial hair growth was assessed correctly. The ability of the concept map to point out the recommended intervention and expected outcome for each sickness is also another advantage. It is particularly useful in patient education as highlighted by Innis and others (2023). In essence, a nurse is expected to acquire total patient health status and develop effective strategies to improve healthcare quality. Nurses need to understand the probability of needing additional resources or models to enhance understanding and interaction in J. M.’s case (Cardwell et al., 2021). In light of comprehensive assessments, the concept map diagnosing J.M.’s condition of a metabolic disease, body image disturbance, and depression was done efficiently.

North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA)

This idea map is based on NANDA nursing diagnosis guidelines for J. M.’s case. As mentioned by Rodríguez et al. (2023) J. M., a 33-year-old woman complained of the following symptoms: Infertility, her menstrual cycle becoming irregular, she still had acne, and she had gained some weight, and she had sleeping problems, facial hair growth. Such symptoms indicate polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a metabolic disorder that is linked to hormonal imbalances. Skin problems and sleep disturbances significantly worsened this case, leading to weight gain, hopelessness, and poor body perception.

For this basic reason, a multiple approach must be employed in the management of J. M.’s health. Weight loss and hormonal imbalances should be solved through proper education on PCOS and its impacts on health, as well as formal nutrition and lifestyle counseling. Expert referrals are critical; a dermatologist can address acne and body hair growth, while an endocrinologist can manage hormones and prescribe proper medications including progesterone. Besides, to assist J. M. in the matter of weight and overall health improvement, it is appropriate to stress the importance of regular physical activity and proper nutrition (Rodríguez et al., 2023).

The expected outcomes are weight within J.M.’s age and height range for her to maintain, positive dietary and physical activity changes for her, and positive body image perception. Her depression will need to be treated with the development of a normal sleep-wake cycle, the reduction of stimulating activities prior to night, keeping a diary to help her understand her emotions, and the organization of a sleep study. The aforementioned comprehensive strategy aims at improving the quality of living overall for J. M.

Part 2: Additional Evidence

Value and Relevance of Evidence as Basis of Concept Map 

Various metabolic diseases are prevalent in the United States, and around 37 million people are struggling with different types of disorders; regarding certain diseases, such as PCOS, more women than men are affected. CDC (2022) notes that metabolic diseases are common and can affect individuals of different demographics albeit with different prevalence rates (Manouchehri et al., 2023). J. M is a 33-year-old female client who is experiencing some gyro complaints including irregular menstrual cycles, acne, sudden weight gain, sleeping disorders, and hirsutism. All these symptoms occur within the sphere of PCOS and its manifestations do not have to be limited to the feminine sphere. Her glycemic index was low and had a value of 8 which is a high value. 7 is a severe metabolic dysfunction, which is characteristic of PCOS and can lead to severe health issues in the future if the problem is not addressed.

This is evident from the overall and blood glucose symptom scores where J. M. requires proper PCOS treatment. Such persistent symptoms as fatigue and impaired concentration are also connected with the fluctuations of hormones, characteristic of PCOS. Other challenges include insulin resistance and cardiovascular issues that many PCOS patients are at a higher risk of experiencing (Zhang et al., 2023). The National Eye Institute supports that early intervention and close monitoring are necessary for addressing hormone imbalances and preventing further outcomes.

In accessing information required to maintain the map of the idea, peer-reviewed articles, medical-credible websites, and real-life cases from recognized healthcare institutions offered the information. To manage hormonal fluctuations due to PCOS, diet and lifestyle modifications are often advised before or in combination with other drugs if necessary (Manouchehri et al., 2023). It is recommended that to treat the condition’s emotional aspects and anxiety, CBT should be employed. In implementing the aforementioned suggestions, J. M. can have improved self-management of her PCOS symptoms and general well-being.

Interprofessional Strategies Applied to Concept Map 

There will be no challenges in achieving integrated care for J. M. by her endocrinologist, therapist, nurses, and primary care physician for managing her polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which requires a holistic approach to meet all the patient’s needs. However, self-care is insufficient when it comes to management since it entails the involvement of several healthcare professionals. The PCP will be responsible for overseeing overall health as well as the overall treatment plan and the endocrinologist will have a primary focus on hormone therapy and related metabolic diseases. The therapist will address some of the psychological problems such as stress and anxiety, while the nursing staff will encourage the patient to adhere to the treatment regime set out for them, along with educating the patient about their intended care. A nutritionist will assist with weight with weight loss and any nutritional requirements that are so important in managing PCOS (Jaswal et al., 2023).

In the healthcare team, decision-making is beneficial since it promotes teamwork, corrects the course of treatment, and elevates the quality of care. In conclusion, the medical professionals, nurses, nutritionists, as well as therapists that will be on the team will ensure that J. M. remains the main patient (Jaswal et al., 2023). Particular aims include regulating hormone dysbalances, addressing obesity and dietary deficits, optimizing self-coordination skills, and reducing anxiety levels; thus, the care plan will be developed and managed concurrently.

However, the usage of interprofessional techniques in practice might be challenging in the following ways. These are power relations, language and cultural differences, conflict-solving approach, inter-team collaboration, and ensuring team members has adequate education as a requirement for the team (Liu et al., 2023). It must be admitted that the work of managing a diverse workforce is difficult, and it is not a simple task to grasp all the features of PCOS and its impact on J. M.‘s health. In the same way, a community’s deficiency of knowledge about PCOS, in addition to differences in the practitioners’ ability, could hinder the formulation and implementation of an appropriate comprehensive care plan.

Conclusion

First, one helpful strategy to identify the optimal patient treatment for PCOS diagnosis can be making complete concept maps of all the facets of diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome. Thus, the nurse should have the most extensive knowledge of the disorder to ensure proper education of patients with PCOS (Shin et al., 2024). Accurate concept mapping does not only aid in the organization of instruction but also in the development of a treatment plan with evidence based on newer information obtained. The above elements may help healthcare professionals achieve their goals and ensure that patients receive the best treatment.

References

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Innis, J., Johnston, S., & Cambly, E. (2023). Concept mapping in simulation within nursing education: A scoping review protocol. Nursing Reports (Pavia, Italy), 13(1), 109–113. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13010011

Jaswal, R., Tripathi, S., Singh, D., Gupta, N. L., Chauhan, H. S., Kaur, S., Sharma, S., & Bhattacharya, S. (2023). Patients’ perception about polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in Sub-Himalayan region of India facility-based cross-sectional study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 12(9), 1837–1842. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2249_22

Liu, Y., Guo, Y., Yan, X., Ding, R., Tan, H., Wang, Y., Wang, X., & Wang, L. (2023). Assessment of health literacy in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relationship with health behaviors: A cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 13(11), e071051. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071051

Manouchehri, A., Abbaszadeh, S., Ahmadi, M., Nejad, F. K., Bahmani, M., & Dastyar, N. (2023). Polycystic ovaries and herbal remedies: A systematic review. JBRA Assisted Reproduction, 27(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20220024

Rodríguez, C. A., González, H., Hernández-De Luis, M. N., Fernández-Gutiérrez, D. Á., Martínez-Alberto, C. E., & Brito-Brito, P. R. (2023). Effectiveness of a standardized nursing process using Nanda international, nursing interventions classification and nursing outcome classification terminologies: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 11(17), 2449. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172449

Shin, J. H., Jung, S. O., & Lee, J. S. (2024). Identification of North American Nursing Diagnosis association-nursing interventions classification-nursing outcomes classification of nursing home residents using on-time data by Android smartphone application by registered nurses. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge, 35(1), 46–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12419

Wang, L., Liu, Y., Tan, H., & Huang, S. (2022). Transtheoretical model-based mobile health application for PCOS. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01422-w

Zhang, L., Yin, C. Q., Sun, S. J., Teng, X. Q., Li, D. Y., Sun, J., & Cui, Y. Y. (2023). Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled study. Medicine, 102(40), e35489. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000035489