BIO FPX 1000 Assessment 6

Patient Profile – Cancer Susceptibility in Women

Mary Mary, a strong 64-year-old woman, had her first child at 20 years of age and went through menopause at 58 years. After menopause, she received estrogen replacement therapy for about six years, resulting in weight gain. Her mother had breast cancer at 37 years old, and Mary menstruated for the first time at 13 years old.

Breast Cancer Risks Associated with Mary:

According to the information, Mary is at increased risk of getting breast cancer. Łukasiewicz et al. (2021) report that women with a history of cancer in their families have a doubled risk of contracting the disease. The Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool shows a 3.1% risk of invasive breast cancer within the next five years and a lifetime risk of 12.1%, which is above the U.S. average of 8.1% for women.

Mary’s Recommendation:

Mary is recommended to continue estrogen replacement therapy for prevention of breast cancer risk (Manyonda et al., 2022). In spite of being at high risk due to family history, stress management is important. Mary is recommended to follow a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, refraining from alcohol consumption, remaining physically active, and getting regular screenings for breast cancer every 40 days.

Paula At the age of 71, Paula is fighting bladder cancer that has metastasized into her ovaries and lymph vessels. Her sister was treated for breast cancer three years ago, and her mother died of lung cancer. Two of her paternal uncles and her maternal grandmother also struggled with cancer.

Breast Cancer Risks Associated with Paula:

Paula’s family history shows a high risk of breast cancer. Łukasiewicz et al. (2021) state that her risk in the next five years is 8.3%, higher than the U.S. average of 2.1%. Her lifetime risk is 18.2%, higher than the 5.1% average.

Paula’s Recommendation:

Vigilance is important due to Paula’s strong family history. Diagnostic testing is indicated, particularly with her sister’s BRCA1 mutation. Chemotherapy for bladder cancer is also indicated (Mar & Dayyani, 2019).

June June, at age 58, has her mammograms every year. There is a history of breast cancer in her aunt and brain tumor in her mother. June’s cholesterol and blood pressure are both elevated, as are her bone fragility levels.

Breast Cancer Risks Associated with June:

June’s chances of developing breast cancer within five years are 2.6%, above the average of 1.7%. Her risk over her lifetime is 14.6%, above the U.S. average of 9.5% (National Institute of Health).

June’s Recommendation:

Because of oral contraceptive history, June needs to have regular mammograms with a 7% higher risk of breast cancer (Bardaweel et al., 2019). Managing hypertension and cholesterol with the DASH dietary plan is recommended, as well as a calcium-rich diet to fight osteoporosis.

Nora Nora, age 51, has not gone through menopause, and her family history consists of breast and colon cancer.

Breast Cancer Risks Associated with Nora:

Nora’s calculated risk for breast cancer in the coming five years is 3%, which is higher than the 1.3% average. Her lifetime risk is 23.8%, which is higher than the 11% U.S. average.

Nora’s Recommendation:

Nora needs to be tested for BRCA1 because of her family history. Lifestyle modifications, like abstinence from alcohol and adherence to healthy eating habits, are vital. Periodic checkups and risk factor reversal, such as age at first pregnancy and use of oral contraceptives, are necessary (Bardaweel et al., 2019; Sahin et al., 2019).

BIO FPX 1000 Assessment 6 Patient Case Study Profiles – Cancer Causes

Manyonda, I., Sinai Talaulikar, V., Pirhadi, R., Ward, J., Banerjee, D., & Onwude, J. (2022). Could perimenopausal estrogen prevent breast cancer? Exploring the differential effects of estrogen-only versus combined Hormone Replacement Therapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 14(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4646

Mar, K., & Dayyani, F. (2019). Chemotherapy for bladder cancer. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537121/

National Institute of Health. (n.d.). Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool. https://bcrisktool.cancer.gov/

Sahin, I., Bilir, B., Ali, S., Sahin, K., & Kucuk, O. (2019). Soy isoflavones in integrative oncology: Increased efficacy and decreased toxicity of cancer therapy. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 18, 153473541983531. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735419835310